What is a VP Shunt?

 A VP (ventriculoperitoneal) Shunt is a surgically placed medical device that drains excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the brain to the abdomen. It lowers intracranial pressure by diverting fluid through a catheter and one-way valve, reducing risks of brain damage from fluid buildup.

A VP Shunt Malfunction is a Medical Emergency!

Common Causes of VP Shunt Malfunction:

• Shunt blockage
• Infection
• Over-drainage or under-drainage
• Tubing disconnection
• Shunt displacement

Signs & Symptoms of VP Shunt Malfunction

(Symptoms may develop suddenly or gradually)

General Warning Signs

• Headache
• Nausea/Vomiting
• Lethargy
• Vision Changes
• Irritability
• Fever & Redness

In Infants & Children

• Bulging fontanelle
• Enlarged head
• High-pitched cry

In Adults

• Balance problems
• Memory issues
• Slurred speech

What Caregivers SHOULD NOT Do

• Do NOT press the shunt
• Do NOT delay care
• Do NOT adjust the shunt
• Do NOT ignore fever

When to CALL 911 or GO TO the ER

• Severe Headache
• Repeated Vomiting
• Decreased Consciousness
• Seizures
• Breathing Difficulty
• Rapid Decline

Documentation & Reporting

• Record all symptoms
• Note time started
• Report & follow up

 Key Safety Reminder:
VP Shunt malfunctions become life-threatening quickly.

Early recognition and rapid response saves lives.

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